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Blind 4:410:00/4:41
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First Impression 5:320:00/5:32
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Heat 4:010:00/4:01
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Here Again 5:180:00/5:18
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Mornin' Coffee 4:120:00/4:12
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Cruize Control 5:410:00/5:41
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In the Moment 6:320:00/6:32
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Mez-Mer-Eye-Zen 5:170:00/5:17
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Ambiance d'Amour 5:400:00/5:40
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Unprotected Sax 4:310:00/4:31
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Baby, I Tried... 5:210:00/5:21
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Enough Is Enough !!! 5:580:00/5:58
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Can't You See? 4:510:00/4:51
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0:00/6:15
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Neon Nights 6:140:00/6:14
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Suite Love 6:010:00/6:01
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Phone Sax 8:020:00/8:02
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Lovin' U 5:050:00/5:05
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Next Step 6:250:00/6:25
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Ceel's Song 5:200:00/5:20
GET VACCINATED!!!
RADIOLOGY CASE OF THE WEEK presented by Dr. Rade E. Ology


MRI OF THE BREASTS
Signal Intensity!
While screening mammography is recommended for most female patients, there are situations when MRI may be of better diagnostic value. For example, women with dense breast tissue may benefit from an MRI exam because the dense breast tissue makes it difficult to see some cancers. Also, women who are at higher risk of developing breast cancer (ie., positive family history of breast cancer) may benefit. Many different MRI sequences as well as administration of gadolinium (contrast material) facilitate the search for breast cancers and other lesions.

SCREENING MAMMOGRAM
TRANSGENDER WOMAN
A person whose sex assigned at birth was male but whose gender identity is female.
This mammogram has the appearance of a female patient's breast. Although the patient was born a male, she has developed prominent breast tissue because of years of taking estrogen which stimulates the growth of breast tissue. Although the breast tissue resembles a female breast mammographically, the ducts do not produce milk. In other words, this person could not breastfeed a baby. Male patients may develop tenderness and a lump beneath the nipple. The classic "flame shaped" area of increased density in this region is referred to as gynecomastia. Certain medications may cause gynecomastia, which may be symmetric or asymmetric.

MYELOFIBROSIS
Very Marked Enlargement of the Spleen
MYELOFIBROSIS (MF) is a rare and advanced myeloproliferative neoplasm that disrupts the body's normal production of blood cells. With this disease, there is scarring/fibrosis of the bone marrow. EXTRAMEDULLARY HEMATOPOIESIS is the production of blood elements outside of the bone marrow. One of the major sites of extramedullary hematopoiesis occurs in the spleen. In this case, the spleen measures 25 cm in length (normal is around 10 cm). The patient's liver is normal in size (16 cm).

HEAD TRAUMA
CT EXAMINATION OF THE HEAD/BRAIN
This patient lost his balance and fell and hit his head. In most cases, the most important finding is an intracranial bleed. This is when the blood vessels in the brain itself are torn or there may be disruption of blood vessels around the brain. Because the intracranial space is so compact, blood and fluid is incompressible and it pushes on or displaces the brain. This can cause difficulty in breathing if the brianstem is involved. Speech and vision can be affected if other parts of the brain are involved. This is a fracture of the upper part of the cervical spine. This was the very first image of the brain and was actually below the level that brain CT exams usually begin. This observation prompted a formal CT exam of the cervical spine. These first few images revealed a fracture of the right side of the posterior arch of C-1 (shown) and a fracture of the lateral aspect of the right facet of the second vertebral body.

RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
Kidney Cancer
Look at the appearance of the kidneys. The right kidney exhibits a normal shape (RENIFORM). The left kidney, however, is lumpy bumby in shape. Also, because of the presence of the mass/ tumor, it is ENLARGED. Normal kidney cells can become cancerous. This will likely compromise kidney function. Because it is MALIGNANT, the tumor may invade the blood supply of the kidney and go to other areas in the body. This is referred to METASTATIC disease. It spreads through a process called HEMATOGENOUS DISSEMINATION. The usual treatment may be removal of the entire kidney (NEPHRECTOMY). For smaller tumors, only a portion of the kidney may be surgically removed (PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY). For even smaller tumors, an ABLATION procedure may be performed. This is a procedure that basically VAPORISES the tumor.

CT EXAM OF THE HEAD
Patient History: Headaches
Notice the large mass on the right side. Is it a brain tumor? Perhaps, but it may be a tumor of the covering of the brain ( ie., a MENINGIOMA. A meningioma is a benign tumor which originates from the covering of the brain. This is called the DURA. Notice the mass effect that pushes the brain towards the left. Notice how the mass and associated swelling press in on the right lateral ventricle. The dark area around this mass is called VASOGENIC EDEMA. Although this tumor is histologically benign, it presents in a malignant fashion. Surgical removal is likely the method of treatment. A BRAIN TUMOR is a tumor of the brain itself. This type of tumor usually has surrounding edema (swelling) as well. There was one finding which leaned me toward meningioma as I came up with my DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS. On the bone window settings (images that show the bone detail of the skull), there was irregularity of the inner table (inside surface) of the skull right where the mass is. A tumor of the brain (INTRA-AXIAL lesion) would likely not cause such bony destruction.
? CALCIFICATIONS?
Middle Age Woman Has A Screening Mammogram
This is a cranio-caudal (CC) view of the right breast. This view is looking down upon the breast from above. Notice the many, tiny white dots scattered throughout the breast The calcifications that are suspicious for breast cancer may be tiny, irregular, linear and branching.Also, development of new calcifications is worrisome. Ironically, the large, coarse appearing calcifications are usually benign. At first glance, the mammogropher/radiologist may think that this is an OBVIOUS case of intraductal carcinoma. The "apparent" calcifications may have developed within the ducts of the breast. There are other types of breast cancer that exhibit malignant calcification. This is a prime example of how important the patient's history is for interpreting this mammogram. Many years ago, the patient had been the victim of a gunshot wound. These tiny white dots that are scattered throughout the breast are tiny metallic fragments from the bullet.
Look again and give it your best shot!
LIVER METASTASES
Multiple ill-defined areas of low density are scattered throughout the liver. The liver is a very vascular organ. When cancer develops in other parts of the body, it can invade the blood vessels and the tumor cells may break off and go to other parts of the body. Colon cancer is notorious for metastasizing to the liver. Administration of CHEMOTHERAPY may slow down the growth of the tumors.